Valerie Shapiro

Implementation Research to Take Social Emotional Learning to Scale in Schools

• How Does School Connectedness Relate to Suicidal Ideation for LGB Adolescents? (National Clearinghouse on Families & Youth 09.08.16)
• Could Teaching Empathy Prevent the Next Mass Shooting? (Wall Street Journal 06.22.16)
• Making Social and Emotional Learning a Priority (05.18.16)
• BUSD Adopts New Curriculum to Boost Kids Emotional Intelligence (Berkeleyside 10.22.15)
• Group launches plan to reduce youth problems by 20 percent in a decade (07.30.1)
• Could Teaching Kids Empathy and Mindfulness Really Help? (California Magazine 10.06.15)
• Improving outcomes with a science-based approach to prevention (Prevention Action 05.27.15)
• YMCA Pilot Program Found to Boost Skills Students Need to Learn (Education Week 12.09.15)
• Measuring Social-Emotional Skills in Children (Audio: WVXU Cincinnati) 01.14.14

Accomazzo, S., Shapiro, V. B., Israel, N., & Kim, B. K. E. (2017). Strengths of youth in a public behavioral health system: Measurement choices, prevalence rates, and group differences. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 44(2), 274–288. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11414-016-9547-2

Brown, E. C., Hawkins, J. D., Rhew, I. C., Shapiro, V. B., Abbott, R. D., Oesterle, S., Arthur, M. W., Briney, J. S., & Catalano, R. F. (2014). Prevention System Mediators of Communities That Care Effects on Youth Outcomes. Prevention Science, 15(5), 623–632. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11121-013-0413-7

Brown, L. D., Feinberg, M. E., Shapiro, V. B., & Greenberg, M. T. (2015). Reciprocal relations between coalition functioning and the provision of implementation support. Prevention Science, 16(1), 101–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-013-0447-x

Cackler, C. J. J., Shapiro, V. B., & Lahiff, M. (2016). Female sterilization and poor mental health: Rates and relatedness among American Indian and Alaska Native women. Women’s Health Issues, 26(2), 168–175. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/14h800rr

Chain, J., Shapiro, V. B., LeBuffe, M. A., & Bryson, A. M. (2017). Academic achievement of American Indian and Alaska Native students: Does social emotional competence reduce the impact of poverty? American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 24(1), 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.2401.2017.1

Chambers, D., Simpson, L., Hill-Briggs, F., Neta, G., Vinson, C., Chambers, D., Beidas, R., Marcus, S., Aarons, G., Hoagwood, K., Schoenwald, S., Evans, A., Hurford, M., Rubin, R., Hadley, T., Barg, F., Walsh, L., Adams, D., Mandell, D., … Teufel, J. (2016). Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation Washington, DC, USA. 14-15 December 2015. Implementation Science, 11(S2), 100, s13012-016-0452–0. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0452-0

Duane, A., Hafen, Q., Morales, L., Jones, T. M., & Shapiro, V. B. (2025). “Embracing the essence of student voice…then doing something with the data”: One district’s critical use of evidence. Journal of Educational Change, 26(1), 119–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-024-09515-y

Duane, A. M., Caouette, J. D., Morris, K. S., Metzger, A. N., & Shapiro, V. B. (2025). Securing the Foundation: Providing Supports and Building Teacher Capacity for SEL Implementation through a University-Based Continuing Education Course [Manuscript submitted for publication].

Duane, A., Morris, K. S., Nash, A., Jones, T. M., & Shapiro, V. B. (2025). Hear, act, connect, support: Youth recommendations for educators who administer school climate surveys. Psychology in the Schools, 62(1), 185–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23319

Eldeeb, N., Ren, C., & Shapiro, V. B. (2024). Promoting the Use of Research Evidence from Websites: Optimizing Microsurveys As Feedback Loops To Drive Improvement. Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dyskb

Fagan, A. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Shapiro, V. B. (2015). Taking SEL to scale in schools: The role of community coalitions. In J. A. Durlak, C. E. Domitrovich, R. P. Weissberg, & T. P. Gullotta (Eds.), Handbook Of Social And Emotional Learning: Research And Practice (pp. 468–481). The Guilford Press. http://www.guilford.com/books/Handbook-of-Social-and-Emotional-Learning/Durlak-Domitrovich-Weissberg-Gullotta/9781462520152

Fagan, A., Shapiro, V. B., & Brown, E. (2015, December 14). Implementation fidelity, coalition functioning, and community prevention system transformation using communities that care. 8th Annual Conference on the Science of Dissemination and Implementation. https://academyhealth.confex.com/academyhealth/2015di/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/7653

Gloppen, K. M., Arthur, M. W., Hawkins, J. D., & Shapiro, V. B. (2012). Sustainability of the Communities That Care prevention system by coalitions participating in the Community Youth Development Study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 51, 259–264. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22921136

Haggerty, K. P., & Shapiro, V. B. (2013). Science-based prevention through Communities That Care: A model of social work practice for public health. Journal of Social Work in Public Health, 28(3–4), 349–365. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19371918.2013.774812#.Uf9KlI2HuSo

Hawkins, D., Jenson, J. M., Catalano, R., Fraser, M. W., Botvin, G. J., Shapiro, V. B., Brown, C. H., Beardslee, W., Brent, D., Leslie, L. K., Rotheram-Borus, M. J., Shea, P., Shih, A., Anthony, E., Haggerty, K. P., Bender, K. A., Gorman-Smith, D., Casey, E., & Stone, S. (2015). Unleashing the Power of Prevention. American Academy of Social Work & Social Welfare. https://grandchallengesforsocialwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Unleashing-the-Power-of-Prevention-formatted-4.29.15.pdf

Hawkins, J. D., Jenson, J. M., DeVylder, J., Catalano, R. F., Botvin, G. J., Fraser, M. W., Bender, K. A., Shapiro, V. B., & Bumbarger, B. (2016). Policy Recommendations for Meeting the Grand Challenge to Ensure Healthy Development for All Youth. Policy Belief). American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare. https://csd.wustl.edu/Publications/Documents/PB1.pdf

Hawkins, J. D., Shapiro, V. B., & Fagan, A. A. (2010). Disseminating effective community prevention practices: Opportunities for social work education. Research on Social Work Practice, 20(5), 518–527. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975371/

Hill, K. G., Hawkins, J. D., Bailey, J. A., Catalano, R. F., Abbott, R. D., & Shapiro, V. B. (2010). Person-environment interaction in the prediction of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence in adulthood. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 110, 62–69. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2885447/

Hudson, K. D., Shapiro, V. B., Ebiner, I. A., Berenberg, A., & Bacher, N. (2017). Preparing Tomorrow’s Professoriate: An Examination of Social Justice Language in Social Work PhD Program Manuals. Social Work Education, 36(4), 443–455. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7qf9q6qj#page-1

Hudson, K. D., Shapiro, V. B., Moylan, C. A., Garcia, A., & Derr, A. S. (2014). Infusing social justice into doctoral programs of Social Welfare: An incremental approach. Journal of Social Work Education, 50(3), 559–567. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10437797.2014.916943

Hwang, S. H. J., Shapiro, V. B., Eldeeb, N., Lee, J., Robitaille, J. L., & Naglieri, J. A. (2023). Assessing Social and Emotional Competencies in Educational Settings: Supporting Resilience in Young People. In S. Goldstein & R. B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of Resilience in Children (pp. 237–249). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14728-9_12

Jones, T. M., Kim, B.-K. E., Fleming, C. B., Deng, J., Duane, A., Gavin, A. R., & Shapiro, V. B. (2025). To Whom Do These Results Apply? Assessing Evidence for the Generalizability of Social and Emotional Learning Programs Among Specific Racial and Ethnic Groups. Review of Educational Research, 00346543241310184. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543241310184

Kim, B. K. E., Oesterle, S. H., J.D., & Shapiro, V. B. (2015). Assessing Sustained Effects of Communities That Care On Youth Protective Factors. Journal of the Society for Social Work & Research, 6(4), 565–589. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/684163?origin=JSTOR-pdf

Kim, M., Shapiro, V. B., Ozer, E. J., Stone, S., Villa, B., Schotland, M., & Kohashi, C. (2023). University’s absorptive capacity for collaborative research: Examining challenges and opportunities for organizational learning to engage in research with community partners. Journal of Community Practice, 31(3–4), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2023.2273912

LeBuffe, P. A., Naglieri, J. A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2012). The Devereux Student Strengths Assessment – Second Step Edition (DESSA-SSE) Assessment, Technical Manual, and User’s Guide. Kaplan.

LeBuffe, P. A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2004). Lending ‘strength’ to the assessment of preschool social-emotional health. California School Psychologist, 9, 51–61. http://www.casponline.org/pdfs/pdfs/journal04.pdf#page=53

LeBuffe, P. A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2008). Supporting parent-professional collaboration through strength-based assessment. Expanding the Research Base, 20, 263–266. https://www.academia.edu/8456616/LeBuffe_P.A._and_Shapiro_V.B._2008_._Supporting_parent-professional_collaboration_through_strength-based_assessment._In_C._Newman_C._Liberton_K._Kutash_and_R._Friedman_Eds._._A_System_of_Care_for_Children_s_Mental_Health_Expanding_the_Research_Base_20_263-266

LeBuffe, P. A., Shapiro, V. B., & Robitaille, J. L. (2018). The Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA) Comprehensive System: Screening, assessing, planning, and monitoring. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 55(2), 62–70. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1r20g6tj

LeBuffe, P. A., Valerie B. Shapiro, & Naglieri, J. A. (2009). The Devereux Student Strengths Assessment (DESSA) Assessment, Technical Manual, and User’s Guide. Apperson, Inc. http://www.apertureed.com/dessa-overview/

Lee, J., Shapiro, V. B., Kim, B. E., & Yoo, J. P. (2018). Multilevel structural equation modeling for social work researchers: An introduction and application to healthy youth development. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 9(4), 689–719. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1qz233b4

Lee, J., Shapiro, V. B., & Kim, B.-K. E. (2023). Universal School-Based Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) for Diverse Student Subgroups: Implications for Enhancing Equity Through SEL. Prevention Science, 24(5), 1011–1022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-023-01552-y

Lee, J., Shapiro, V. B., & Kim, B.-K. E. (2024). Developing and Testing a Measure of “Multiform Dosage” to Support the Implementation of School-based SEL Interventions. Contemporary School Psychology, 28(4), 574–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-023-00474-4

Lee, J., Shapiro, V. B., Robitaille, J. L., & LeBuffe, P. (2023). Measuring the development of social-emotional competence using behavioral rating scales in the context of school-based social and emotional learning. Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy, 2, 100015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sel.2023.100015

Lee, J., Shapiro, V. B., Robitaille, J. L., & LeBuffe, P. (2024). Gender, racial-ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in the development of social-emotional competence among elementary school students. Journal of School Psychology, 104, 101311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2024.101311

Lewis, C., Darnell, D., Kerns, S., Monroe-DeVita, M., Landes, S. J., Lyon, A. R., Stanick, C., Dorsey, S., Locke, J., Marriott, B., Puspitasari, A., Dorsey, C., Hendricks, K., Pierson, A., Fizur, P., Comtois, K. A., Palinkas, L. A., Chamberlain, P., Aarons, G. A., … Dorsey, C. (2016). Proceedings of the 3rd Biennial Conference of the Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) 2015: Advancing efficient methodologies through community partnerships and team science: Seattle, WA, USA. 24-26 September 2015. Implementation Science, 11(S1), 85, s13012-016-0428–0. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0428-0

Mahoney, J. L., LeBuffe, P. A., Shapiro, V. B., Robitaille, J. L., Johnson, E. S., & Adamson, J. L. (2022). What is assessment bias and how is Aperture Education working to reduce it? Vol. ed.1. Aperture Education. www.ApertureEd.com.

Metzger, A., Duane, A., Nash, A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2024). “Putting science into action”: A case study of how an educational intermediary organization synthesizes and translates research evidence for practice. International Journal of Education Policy and Leadership, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.22230/ijepl.2024v20n1a1421

Naglieri, J. A., LeBuffe, P. A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2011). The Devereux Student Strengths Assessment—Mini (DESSA-Mini) Assessment, Technical Manual, and User’s Guide. Apperson, Inc. http://www.apertureed.com/dessa-overview/the-dessa-mini/

Naglieri, J. A., LeBuffe, P. A., & Shapiro, V. B. (2013). Assessment of social-emotional competencies related to resilience. In S. Goldstein & R. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of Resilience in Children. Kluwer/Academic Press. http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4614-3661-4_15?LI=true#page-1

Naglieri, J. A., LeBuffe, P. A., & Valerie B. Shapiro. (2011). Universal screening for social emotional competencies: A study of the reliability and validity of the DESSA-mini. Psychology in the Schools, 48(7), 660–671. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pits.20586/abstract

Nickerson, A. B., Brosof, A. M., & Shapiro, V. B. (2004). Predicting positive outcomes for students with Emotional Disturbance. California School Psychologist, 9, 39–49. http://www.casponline.org/pdfs/pdfs/journal04.pdf#page=41

Ohmer, M. L., Sobeck, J., Wallace, J. M., Shapiro, V. B., & Teixeri, S. N. (2012). Community based research. In M. O. Weil (Ed.), The Handbook of Community Practice. Sage.

Ohmer, M. L., Sobek, J. L., Teixeira, S. N., Wallace, J. M., & Shapiro, V. B. (2013). Community-Based Research: Rationale, Methods, Roles, and Considerations for Community Practice. In M. Weil, M. Reisch, & M. Ohmer, The Handbook of Community Practice (pp. 791–808). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412976640.n38

Ozer, E. J., Shapiro, V. B., & Duarte, C. d P. (2020). Opportunities to strengthen SEL impact through Youthled Participatory Action Research (YPAR). Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University.

Roscoe, J. N., Shapiro, V. B., Whitaker, K., & Kim, B. E. (2019). Classifying changes to preventive interventions: Applying adaptation taxonomies. The Journal Of Primary Prevention, 40, 89–109. https://rdcu.be/bgm9C

Shapiro, V. B. (2002). Is long‐term residential treatment effective for adolescents? A treatment outcome study. Colgate University Journal of Sciences, 155–179.

Shapiro, V. B. (2012). Community coalitions: Resolving the gap between research and practice for the prevention of youth mental, emotional, and behavioral problems [University of Washington]. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/20668

Shapiro, V. B. (2015). Resilience: Have We Not Gone Far Enough? A Response to Larry E. Davis. Social Work Research, 39(1), 7–10. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/94v0c6sx

Shapiro, V. B., Accomazzo, S., Claassen, J., & Fleming, J. L. (2015). The choices, challenges, and lessons learned from a multi-method social-emotional / character assessment in an out of school time setting. Journal of Youth Development: Bridging Research and Practice, 10(3), 32–45.

Shapiro, V. B., Accomazzo, S., & Robitaille, J. L. (2017). In the same ballpark or a whole new ball game? Staff as raters of youth behavior. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(4), 1051–1055. http://rdcu.be/nInK

Shapiro, V. B., & Bender, K. (2018). Seven Action Steps to Unleash the Power of Prevention. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 9(4), 499–509. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/700395

Shapiro, V. B., Bender, K. A., Hawkins, J. D., & Jenson, J. M. (2016). Unleashing the Power of Prevention: Train and Enable a Workforce for Effective Prevention Practice. National Academy of Medicine. http://sites.nationalacademies.org/cs/groups/dbassesite/documents/webpage/dbasse_177206.pdf

Shapiro, V. B., Derr, A. S., Eldeeb, N., McCoy, H., Trujillo, M., & Vu, C. T. (2023). Ensure Healthy Development for Youth: Expansions and Elaborations for Equity. In Social Work and the Grand Challenge to Eliminate Racism: Concepts, Theory, and Evidence Based Approaches (pp. 127–168). Oxford University Press. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Social_Work_and_the_Grand_Challenge_to_E/X228EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA127&printsec=frontcover

Shapiro, V. B., Duane, A. M., Lee, M. X., Jones, T. M., Metzger, A. N., Khan, S., Cook, C. M., Hwang, S. H. J., Malicote, B., Nuñez, A., Lee, J., McLaughlin, M., Caballero, J. A., Moore, J. E., Williams, C., Eva, A. L., Ferreira, C., McVeagh-Lally, P., Kooler, J., & CalHOPE Research Committee. (2024). “We will build together”: Sowing the seeds of SEL statewide. Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy, 3, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sel.2023.100014

Shapiro, V. B., Eldeeb, N., McCoy, H., Trujillo, M., & Jones, T. M. (2024). Where’s the BIPOC blueprint for healthy youth development? The role of scientific omissions in our struggle for science translation and racial equity in the United States. Journal of Prevention, 45(2), 303–321.

Shapiro, V. B., Hawkins, J. D., & Oesterle, S. (2015). Building local infrastructure for community adoption of science-based prevention: The role of coalition functioning. Prevention Science, 16(8), 1136–1146. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11121-015-0562-y

Shapiro, V. B., Hawkins, J. D., Oesterle, S., Monahan, K. C., Brown, E. C., & Arthur, M. W. (2013). Variation in the effect of communities that care on community adoption of a scientific approach to prevention. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 4(3), 154–164. https://doi.org/10.5243/jsswr.2013.10

Shapiro, V. B., Hudson, K. D., & Downey, M. M. (2017). Institutional expectations, opportunities, and interest in the professoriate: A mixed methods examination of satisfaction among doctoral students in social work. Journal of Social Work Education, 53(3), 520–534. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10437797.2016.1275897

Shapiro, V. B., Hudson, K. D., Moylan, C. A., & Derr, A. S. (2015). Changing organizational routines in doctoral education: An intervention to infuse social justice into a social welfare curriculum. Arbor, 191(771), 1–15. http://arbor.revistas.csic.es/index.php/arbor/article/view/2006/2436

Shapiro, V. B., Kim, B. K. E., Accomazzo, S., & Roscoe, J. N. (2016). Predictors of rater bias in the assessment of Social Emotional Competence. International Journal of Emotional Education, 8(2), 25–44.

Shapiro, V. B., Kim, B. K. E., Fleming, J. L., & LeBuffe, P. A. (2016). Efficient methodologies for monitoring fidelity in routine implementation: Lessons from the Allentown Social Emotional Learning Initiative. Implementation Science, 11(Suppl 1), 83. http://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13012-016-0428-0#Sec326

Shapiro, V. B., Kim, B. K. E., Robitaille, J. L., & LeBuffe, P. A. (2017). Protective factor screening for prevention practice: Sensitivity and specificity of the DESSA-Mini. School Psychology Quarterly, 32(4), 449–464. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000181.

Shapiro, V. B., Kim, B. K. E., Robitaille, J. L., LeBuffe, P. A., & Ziemer, K. L. (2018). Efficient Implementation Monitoring in Routine Prevention Practice: A Grand Challenge for Schools. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 9(3), 377–394. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/699153

Shapiro, V. B., Kim, B.-K. E., Robitaille, J. L., Mahoney, J. L., Lee, J., & LeBuffe, P. A. (2024). Monitoring the growth of social and emotional competence to guide practice decisions. Social and Emotional Learning: Research, Practice, and Policy, 3, 100032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sel.2024.100032

Shapiro, V. B., & LeBuffe, P. A. (2006). Using protective factors in practice: Lessons learned about resilience from a study of children aged five to thirteen. In B. M. Lester, A. S. Masten, & B. McEwen (Eds.), Resilience in Children. Annals of the New York Academy of the Sciences (Vol. 1094, pp. 350–353). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1196/annals.1376.048/pdf

Shapiro, V. B., & LeBuffe, P. A. (2007). Strengths that matter: An empirical investigation of elementary school student success. Expanding the Research Base, 19, 107–110. http://rtckids.fmhi.usf.edu/rtcconference/proceedings/19thproceedings/19thChapter03.pdf#page=21

Shapiro, V. B., Lee, J., & Kim, B. K. E. (2023). TOOLBOX effects on K-2 student growth in social-emotional competence: Evidence from a quasi-experimental study. Contemporary School Psychology, 27(1), 198–213.

Shapiro, V. B., Lippold, M. A., Bender, K. A., & Jenson, J. M. (2022). Unleashing the Power of Prevention: An update on progress and possibilities. In Grand Challenge for Social Work and Society: Milestones Achieved and Opportunities Ahead (Vol. 2, pp. 19–27). Oxford University Press.

Shapiro, V. B., Mels, C., & Lee, J. (2024). Designing assessment, monitoring, and evaluation for systemic SEL implementation. In Mainstreaming social and emotional learning in education systems: Policy guide. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/ORWD6913

Shapiro, V. B., Metzger, A. N., Jones, T. M., & Duane, A. (2023). Understanding memorandums of Understanding: Lessons learned through the negotiation of contracts in research practice partnerships. Journal of Community Practice, 31(3–4), 509–526. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705422.2023.2275630(link

Shapiro, V. B., Oesterle, S., Abbott, R. D., Arthur, M. W., & Hawkins, J. D. (2013). Measuring dimensions of coalition functioning for effective and participatory community practice. Social Work Research, 37(4), 349–359.

Shapiro, V. B., Oesterle, S., & Hawkins, J. D. (2015). Relating coalition capacity to the adoption of science‐based prevention in communities: Evidence from a randomized trial of communities that care. American Journal of Community Psychology, 55(1–2), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-014-9684-9

Shapiro, V. B., Ziemer, K. L., Accomazzo, S., & Kim, B. E. (2020). Teachers’ assessment of “implementation leadership” during a new social emotional learning initiative. Contemporary School Psychology, 24, 174–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-019-00230-7(link

Simmons, C. A., Shapiro, V. B., Accomazzo, S., & Manthey, T. J. (2016). Strengths-Based Social Work: A Meta-Theory to Guide Social Work Research and Practice. In N. Coady & P. Lehmann (Eds.), Theoretical perspectives for direct social work practice (3rd ed., pp. 131–154). Springer Publishing Company. http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bn5d1w1

Simmons, C. A., Shapiro, V. B., Accomazzo, S., & Manthey, T. J. (2021). Strengths-Based Practice: A Metatheory to Guide the Social Work Profession. In K. W. Bolton, J. C. Hall, & P. Lehmann (Eds.), Theoretical Perspectives for Direct Social Work Practice (4th ed.). Springer Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826165565.0006

Smith, G. T., Shapiro, V. B., Sperry, R. W., & LeBuffe, P. A. (2014). A strengths-based approach to supervised visitation in child welfare. Child Care in Practice, 20(1), 98–119. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13575279.2013.847056?journalCode=cccp20#.UvpizfldV8F

Whitaker, K., Shapiro, V. B., & Shields, J. P. (2016). School-based Protective Factors Related to Suicide for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(1), 63–68. http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(15)00364-X/abstract