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Education:
B.A. (Sociology/Psychology),
Hunter College, Bronx, New York, 1965; MSW Psych.,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, 1967; Ph.D. Sociology/Social
Work, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI, 1972; NIMH Fellow (Psychiatric Epidemiology),
Columbia University School of Public Health,
NY,NY, 1969-71.
Courses
Taught:
Mental
Health and Social Policy (SW 222), Managed Behavioral Health Care:
An Advanced Community Mental Health Seminar (SW223), Homelessness
in America (SW 235), NIMH Pre/Post Seminar on the Organization
and Financing of Mental Health Services (SW298), Introduction
to Statistics (SW289A), Multivariate Statistical Methods (SW289B),
Measurement and Factor Analysis (SW 289D), Health Policy (SW238).
Research Interests:
Mental health
and social policy; research methods; adult residential care; self-help
mental health services; violence and mental illness; community
mental health; homelessness; social work practice; psychiatric
epidemiology; social support systems; social ecology; health policy;
psychiatric emergencies.
Steven
Segal et al. on Self-Help and the Mentally Ill:
The self-help
movement represents one of the most significant developments in
the provision of mental health services in the United States.
Involving consumers as active participants in addressing their
treatment needs has become a key element in health care practice.
Incorporating this ethos, mental health self-help agencies, service
organizations operated primarily by consumers with psychological
disabilities, are proliferating throughout the country with state
legislatures and private foundations lending them increased support.
Given cost-cutting trends, the self-help model has been particularly
popular under managed care arrangements providing, as it does,
a source of inexpensive services.
More
on Self-Help and the Mentally Ill...
Selected
Publications:
PEER
REVIEWED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
Gruenberg,
E. D., Turns, D., Segal, S. P., & Solomon, M. (1972). Social
breakdown syndrome: Environmental and host factors associated
with chronicity. American Journal of Public Health (Click
on title to view.),
91-94.
Segal, S.
P. (1972). Research on the outcome
of social work therapeutic interventions: A review of the literature.
Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 13, 3-17.
Aviram, U.,
& Segal, S. P. (1973). The
exclusion of the mentally ill: Reflection on an old problem in
a new context. Archives of General Psychiatry
(Click on title to view.),
126-131.
Segal, S.
P., & Aviram, U. (1976). Transition
from mental hospital to community. In Social welfare forum 1975
(Click on title
to view.) (pp.
121-130.). New York: Columbia University Press.
Trute, B.,
& Segal, S. P. (1976). Census
tract predictors and the social integration of sheltered-care
residents.” Social Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
11(4), 153-161.
Aviram, U.,
& Segal, S. P. (1977). From
hospital to community care: The change in the mental health treatment
system in California. Community Mental Health Journal (Click
on title to view.) 13(2),
158-167.
Segal, S.
P., Baumohl, J., & Johnson, E. (1977). Falling
through the cracks: Mental disorder and social margin in a young
vagrant population. Social Problems (Click
on title to view.),
24(3), 387-400.
Segal, S.
P. (1978). Attitudes
toward the mentally ill: A review. Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
23(3), 211-217.
Segal, S.
P. (1978). Reaction to Segal's literature review: Segal comments.
Social Work, 14(6), 436, 516-517.
Segal, S.
P. (1978). Issues
in the utilization and evaluation of social work treatment. International
Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
21(1), 1-17.
Segal, S.
P., Dille, L. E., & Moyles, E. W. (1979). Congruent
perceptions in the evaluation of community-care facilities. Community
Psychology (Click
on title to view.),
7, 60-68.
Segal, S.
P. (1979). Sheltered-care
needs. Health and Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
4(2), 42-57.
Segal, S.
P. (1979). Community
care and deinstitutionalization: A review. Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
24(6), 521-527.
Segal, S.
P., & Aviram, U. (1979). Reintegrating the mentally ill in
the community. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research,
2(4), 499-506.
Segal, S.
P., & Moyles, E. W. (1979). Management
style and institutional dependency in sheltered care. Social Psychiatry
(Click on title
to view.), 14,
159-165.
Segal, S.
P., & Dille, L. E. (1980). Coping
styles and factors in male/female social integration. Acta Psychiatrica
Scandinavica (Click
on title to view.),
61, 8-20.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1980). Engaging
the disengaged: Proposals on madness and vagrancy. Social Work
(Click on title
to view.), 25,
358-365.
Segal, S.
P., Baumohl, J., & Moyles, E. W. (1980). Neighborhood
types and community reaction to the mentally ill: A paradox of
intensity. Journal of Health and Social Behavior (Click
on title to view.),
24, 345-359.
Segal, S.
P., Chandler, S., & Aviram, U. (1980). Antipsychotic
drugs in community-based sheltered-care homes. Social Science
and Medicine (Click
on title to view.),
14A, 589-596.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1980). Factors
in the receipt of therapeutic assistance in community care. Social
Science and Medicine (Click
on title to view.),
14A, 581-587.
Segal, S.
P. (1980). Community
care and human service responsiveness. Journal of the National
Association of Private Psychiatric Hospitals (Click
on title to view.),
11(5), 18-21.
Segal, S.
P. (1980). The impact of recent rehospitalization on community
adjustment. International Journal of Social Psychiatry,
27(3), 163-172.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1981). Social
work practice in community mental health. Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
26(1), 16-25.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1981). The prevention of social deterioration
among community care residents. The Journal of Urban Psychiatry,
1(2), 26-30.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1981). Toward
harmonious community care placement. In R. Budson (Ed.), Issues
in community residential care (pp. 49-61). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
(Click on title
to view.).
Segal, S.
P., & Specht, H. (1983). A
poorhouse in California, 1983: Oddity or prelude? Social Work
(Click on title
to view.), 28(4),
319-323.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1984). Deinstitutionalization. In Supplement
to the Encyclopedia of Social Work (17th ed., pp. 19-24).
Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers.
Segal, S.
P., & Kaplan, M. S. (1984). One
project and twenty-two reviews. Grants Magazine (Click
on title to view.),
7(4), 216-224.
Segal, S.
P., & Baumohl, J. (1985). The
community living room. Social Casework (Click
on title to view.),
66(2), 111-116.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M. A., & Nelson, L. S. (1985). Application
of involuntary admission criteria in psychiatric emergency rooms.
Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
30(2), 160-166.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M. A., & Nelson, L. S. (1986). Indexing
civil commitment in psychiatric emergency rooms. Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science (Click
on title to view.),484,
56-69.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M. A., & Nelson, L. S. (1986). Consistency
in the application of civil commitment standards in psychiatric
emergency rooms. The Journal of Psychiatry and Law (Click
on title to view.),
125-148.
Segal, S.
P. (1987). Deinstitutionalization. Encyclopedia of Social
Work (18th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 367-382).
Segal, S.
P., & Moyles, E. A. (1988). Sheltered
care: A typology of residential facilities. Adult Foster Care
Journal (Click
on title to view.),
2(2), 118-134.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M., Goldfinger, S., & Averbuck, D. (1988). Civil
commitment in the psychiatric emergency room: I. The assessment
of dangerousness by emergency room clinicians. Archives of General
Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
45, 748-752.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M., Goldfinger, S., & Averbuck, D. (1988). Civil
commitment in the psychiatric emergency room: II. Mental disorder
indicators and three dangerousness criteria. Archives of General
Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
45, 753-758.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M., Goldfinger, S., & Averbuck, D. (1988). Civil
commitment in the psychiatric emergency room: III. Disposition
as a function of mental disorder and dangerousness indicators.
Archives of General Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
45, 759-763.
Segal, S.
P. (1989). Civil
commitment standards and patient mix in England/Wales, Italy,
and the United States. American Journal of Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
146(2), 187-193.
Segal, S.
P., & Kotler, P. L. (1989). Do
we need board and care homes? Adult Residential Care Journal
(Click on title
to view.), 3(1),
24-32.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C. J., & Baumohl, J. (1989). Seeking
person-environment fit in community care placement. In W. R. Shadish,
A. J., Lurigio, and D. A. Lewis (Eds.), Journal of Social Issues
(Click on title
to view.), 45(3),
49-64.
Segal, S.
P., Hazan, A. R., & Kotler, P. (1990). Characteristics
of sheltered-care facility operators in California in 1973 and
1985. Hospital and Community Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
41(11), 1245-1248.
Segal, S.
P. (1991). Civil
commitment standard and patient mix in three countries. In K.
Graziosi, E. Rebecchi, and V. Spinedi (Eds.), Psichiatria Senza
Manicomi (p. 479). Bologna, Italy: Editrice CLUEB Bologna
(Click on title
to view.).
Segal, S.
P., & Kotler, P. L. (1991). A
ten-year perspective of mortality risk among mentally ill patients
in sheltered care. Hospital and Community Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
42(7), 708-713.
Segal, S.
P., Kotler, P. L., & Holschuh, J. (1991). Attitudes
of sheltered care residents toward others with mental illness.
Hospital and Community Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
42(11), 1138-1143.
Segal, S.
P., & Liese, L. H. (1991). A
ten-year perspective on three models of sheltered care. Hospital
and Community Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
42(11), 1120-1124.
Segal, S.
P., & Holschuh, J. (1991). Effects
of sheltered care environments and resident characteristics on
the development of social networks. Hospital and Community Psychiatry
(Click on title
to view.), 42(11),
1125-1131.
Segal, S.
P., & Choi, N. G. (1991). Factors
affecting SSI support for sheltered care residents with serious
mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
42(11), 1132-1137.
Segal, S.
P., & Ben-Ari, A. (1992). Reductions in services for severely
mentally disabled sheltered-care residents: A 12-year perspective.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal, 16(1), 163-168.
Segal, S.
P., Cohen, D., & Marder, S. (1992). Neuroleptic
medication and prescription practices for mentally ill sheltered
care residents. American Journal of Public Health (Click
on title to view.),
82(6), 846-852.
Segal, S.
P., Hines, A. M., & Florian, V. (1992). Early
life experiences and residential stability: A ten-year perspective
on sheltered care. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
62(4), 535-544.
Segal, S.
P., & Kotler, P. L. (1993). Sheltered-care
residence and personal outcomes ten years later. American Journal
of Orthopsychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
63(1), 80-91.
Segal, S.
P., & VanderVoort, D. J. (1993). Daily
hassles and health among persons with severe mental disabilities.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Journal (Click
on title to view.),
16(3), 27-40.
Segal, S.
P., & VanderVoort, D. J. (1993). Daily hassles of persons
with severe mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry,
44(3), 276-278.
Segal, S.
P., VanderVoort, D. J., & Liese, L. H. (1993). Residential
status and the physical health of a mentally ill population. Health
& Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
18(3), 208-214.
Segal, S.
P., & Silverman, C. (1993). The survival of sheltered care
homes: facility and neighborhood contributions. Adult Residential
Care Journal, 7(2), 88-103.
Watson, M.
A., Segal, S. P., & Newhill, C. E. (1993). Police
referral to psychiatric emergency services and its effect on disposition
decisions. Hospital and Community Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
44(11), 1085-1090.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1993). Empowerment
and self-help agency practice for people with mental disabilities.
Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
38(6), 705-712.
Segal, S.
P., & Hwang, S. D. (1994). Licensure
of sheltered-care facilities. Social Work (Click
on title to view.),
39(1), 124-131.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (l994). Issues
in self -help agency research. Innovations and Research (Click
on title to view.),
3(1), 47-49.
Silverman,
C. J., & Segal, S. P. (l994). Who
belongs?: An analysis of ex-mental patient's subjective involvement
in the neighborhood. Adult Residential Care Journal (Click
on title to view.),
8(2), 103-113.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1995). Characteristics
and service use of long-term members of self-help agencies for
mental health clients. Psychiatric Services (Click
on title to view.),
46(3), 269-274.
Segal, S.
P. (1995). Deinstitutionalization.
In Encyclopedia of Social Work (19th ed., pp. 704-712). Washington
DC: NASW Press (Click
on title to view.).
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1995). Measuring
empowerment in client-run self help agencies. Community Mental
Health Journal (Click
on title to view.),
31(3), 215-227.
Segal, S.
P., Egley, L. Watson, M., Goldfinger, S. (1995).
The quality of psychiatric emergency evaluations and patient outcomes
in county hospitals. American Journal of Public Health (Click
on title to view.),
85(10), 1429-1431.
Segal, S.
P., Egley, L. Watson, M., Miller, L., & Goldfinger, S. (1995).
Factors
in the quality of patient evaluations in general hospital psychiatric
emergency services. Psychiatric Services (Click
on title to view.),
46(11), 1144-1149.
Temkin, T.,
Silverman, C., & Segal, S. P. (1996).
Making self-help work. The Journal of the California Alliance
for the Mentally Ill (Click
on title to view.),
6(3), 4-5.
Segal, S.
P., Bola, J. R., & Watson, M. (1996). Race, Quality of care,
and antipsychotic prescription practices in the psychiatric emergency
service. Psychiatric Services, 47(3), 282-286.
Segal, S.
P., & Choi, J. (1996). Ownership
form and quality of care in sheltered care facilities: Chain-affiliated
business vs. sole proprietorship. Adult Residential Care (Click
on title to view.),
10(1), 28-37.
Segal, S.
P., & VanderVoort, D. J. (1996). Differences
in daily hassle patterns among California’s seriously mentally
ill sheltered residents. Adult Residential Care (Click
on title to view.),
10(1), 54-65.
Segal, S.
P., VanderVoort, D. J., & Liese, L. H. (1996). Health
and a residential care population. Social Science and Medicine
(Click on title
to view.), 42(5),
713-719.
Hwang, S.
D., & Segal, S. P. (1996). Criminality
of the mentally ill in sheltered care: Are they more dangerous?
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
19(1), 93-105.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M., & Akutsu, P. (1996). Quality of care and use
of less restrictive alternatives in the psychiatric emergency
service. Psychiatric Services, 47(6), 623-627.
Segal, S.
P,. Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1996). Self help mental health
programs. Breakthrough, 1(1), 23-34.
Silverman,
C. J., & Segal, S. P. (l996). When
neighbors complain: Correlates of neighborhood opposition to sheltered
care facilities. Adult Residential Care Journal (Click
on title to view.),
10(2), 137-148.
Segal, S.
P., & Sawyer, D. (1996). Sheltered
care facility size and the social integration of mentally ill
adults. Adult Residential Care (Click
on title to view.),
10(2), 75-87.
Segal, S.
P. (1997). Response to Fuller Torrey. Psychiatric Services,
48(5), 604.
Segal, S.
P. Egley, L., & Watson, M., & Goldfinger, S. (1997). The
quality of psychiatric emergency evaluations. Breakthrough,
1(3), 17-30.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1997). Program
environments of self-help agencies. Journal of Mental Health Administration
(Click on title
to view.), 24(4),
456-464.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (1997). Social
networks and psychological disability and homeless users of SHAs.
Social Work in Health Care (Click
on title to view.),
25(3), 49-61.
Segal S.
P., Tracy, L., & Silverman, C. (1997). Coping,
catastrophic life events and disabling experiences among users
of mental health self help agencies. Psychiatry in Medicine
(Click on title
to view.), 27(4),
350-351.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Gomory, T. (1998). Health status of long-term
users of self help agencies. Health and Social Work, 23(1),
45-52.
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M., & Akutsu, P. (1998). Factors
associated with involuntary return to a psychiatric emergency
service within twelve months. Psychiatric Services (Click
on title to view.),
49(9), 1212-1217.
Segal, S.
P. (1998). The impact of managed care on the practice of psychotherapy,
a review. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 25(2),
186-188.
Segal, S.
P. (1999). Social
work in a managed care environment. International Journal of Social
Welfare (Click
on title to view.),
8, 47-55.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Redman, D. (2000). Measuring
client's satisfaction with self help agencies. Psychiatric Services
(Click on title
to view.), 51(9),1148-1152.
Segal, S.
P., Lauri, T., & Segal, M. J. (2001). Factors
in the use of coercive retention in civil commitment evaluations
in psychiatric emergency services. Psychiatric Services (Click
on title to view.),
52(4), 514-521.
Segal, S.
P. (2001). Effectiveness of involuntary outpatient commitment.
American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 654 655.
Segal, S.
P., & Deitrich, E. (2001). Quality of care for dual diagnosis
patients in psychiatric emergency assessments. American Journal
of Ortho Psychiatry, 71(1), 72-78.
Segal, S.
P., & Silverman, C. (2002). Determinants
of outcomes in mental health self help agencies. Psychiatric Services
(Click on title
to view.), 53(3),
304-309.
Holschuh,
J., & Segal, S. P. (2002). Factors
related to multiplexity in support networks of persons with severe
mental illness. In J. A. Levy and B. A. Pescosolido (Eds.), Social
Networks and Health, Vol. 8, Advances in Medical Sociology (pp.
2985-323). Oxford: Elsevier Science (Click
on title to view.).
Hodges, J.
Q., & Segal, S. P. (2002). Goal
advancement among mental health self-help agency members. Psychiatric
Rehabilitation Journal (Click
on title to view.),
26(1), 78-85.
Franskoviak,
P., & Segal, S. P. (2002). Substance use and mental disorder
diagnostic profiles in a sample long-term self-help agency users.
American Journal of Ortho Psychiatry, 72(2), 232-240.
Segal, S.
P., Hardiman, E. R., & Hodges, J. Q. (2002). Characteristics
of new clients at self-help and community mental health agencies
located in geographic proximity. Psychiatric Services, 53, 1145
1152 (Click
on title to view.).
Segal, S.
P., Watson, M., & Akutsu, P. (2002). Involuntary
return to a psychiatric emergency service within twelve months.
Social Work in Health Care (Click
on title to view.),
35(1/2), 591-603.
Segal, S.
P., Hodges, J. Q., & Hardiman, E. R. (2002). Factors in the
decisions to seek help from self-help and co-located community
mental health agencies. American Journal of Ortho Psychiatry,
72(2), 241-249.
Segal, S.
P. (2003). Large data sets are powerful. Psychiatric Services,
54(5), 745-746.
Theriot,
M. T., Segal, S. P. & Cowsert, M. J. Jr. (2003). African-Americans
and comprehensive service use. Community Mental Health Journal
(Click on title
to view.), 29(3),
225-237.
Segal, S.
P., & Riley, S. (2003). Caring
for persons with serious mental illness: Policy & practice
suggestions. Social Work and Mental Health (Click
on title to view.),
1(3), 1-17.
Hardiman,
E. R., & Segal, S. P. (2003) Community
membership and social networks in mental health self-help agencies.
Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal (Click
on title to view.),
27(1).
Segal, S.
P., Lauri, T., & Franskoviak, P. (2004). Ambivalence
of PES patients towards hospitalization and factors in their disposition.
International Journal of Law and Mental Health (Click
on title to view.),
27(1), 87-99.
Hodges, J.
Q., Hardiman, E. R., & Segal, S. P. (2004) Predictors of hope
among members of mental health self-help agencies. Social
Work in Mental Health, 2(1), 1-16.
Segal, S.
P. (2004) Managing transitions and insuring good care. Psychiatric
Services, 55(11), 1205.
Theriot,
M., & Segal, S. P. (2005). Involvement
with the criminal justice system among new clients at outpatient
mental health agencies. Psychiatric Services (Click
on title to view.),
56(2), 179-185.
Hahm, H.,
& Segal, S. P. (2005). Failure
to seek needed health care among the mentally ill. American Journal
of Ortho Psychiatry (Click
on title to view.),
75(1), 54-62.
Barretto,
R., & Segal, S. P. (2005). Use
of mental health services by Asian Americans. Psychiatric Services
(Click on title
to view.), 56(6),
746-748.
Prince, J.,
& Segal, S. P. (2005). An empowering medical model of mental
health care. Psychiatric Services, 56(4), 901.
Segal, S.
P. (2005). Service
use by Asian Americans: In Reply. Psychiatric Services (Click
on title to view.),
56(10), 1314.
Segal, S.
P., & Burgess, P. 2006). Extended outpatient civil commitment
and treatment utilization. Social Work in Health Care, 43(2/3),
37-51. ISSN: 0098-1389
Segal, S.
P, & Burgess, P. (2006). Conditional release: A less restrictive
alternative to hospitalization? Psychiatric Services, 57,
1600-1606.
Segal, S.
P., & Burgess, P. (2006). Effect of conditional release from
hospitalization on mortality risk. Psychiatric Services, 57,
1607-1613.
Segal, S.
P., & Burgess, P. (2006). Factors in the selection of patients
for conditional release from their first psychiatric hospitalization.
Psychiatric Services, 57, 1614-1622.
Segal, S.
P., & Burgess, P. (2006). The
utility of extended outpatient civil commitment. International
Journal of Law and Mental Health (Click
on title to view.),
29(6), 525-534.
Segal, S.
P., & Burgess, P. (2006). Conditional
hospital release: Interpreting the message. Psychiatric Services
(Click on title
to view.), 57(12),
1810.
Segal, SP
and Tauber, A.I. (2007) Revisiting
Hume’s Law. American Journal of Bioethics (Click
on title to view.).
PEER
REVIEWED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
Segal, S.
P., & Burgess, P. Preventing psychiatric hospitalization and
involuntary outpatient commitment. Proceedings, 5th International
Conference on Social Work in Health and Mental Health.
Segal, S.
P. Self Help Groups. Social Work Encyclopedia.
Segal, S.P.
Deinstitutionalization. Social Work Encyclopedia.
BOOKS
Segal, S.
P., & Aviram, U. (1978). The mentally ill in community-based
sheltered care: A study of community care and social integration.
New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Segal, S.
P., & Aviram, U. (1978). The mentally ill in community-based
sheltered care: A technical supplement on study methodology, 1972-1977.
Berkeley, CA: University of California.
Segal, S.
P., Silverman, C., & Temkin, T. (Co-Editors). (1996). Self
help. Special issue of The Journal of the California Alliance
for the Mentally Ill, 6(3).
Jackson,
A., & Segal, S. P. (Eds,). (2001). Social work health
and mental health: practice, research and programs. Part I Social
Work in Health Care, Volume 34: Numbers 1 and 2. New York:
Haworth Press.
Jackson,
A., & Segal, S. P. (Eds.). (2001). Social work health
and mental health: practice, research and programs. Part II Social
Work in Health Care, Volume 34: Numbers 3 and 4. New York:
Haworth Press.
Jackson,
A., & Segal, S. P. (Eds.). (2002). Social work health
and mental health: practice, research and programs. Part III Social
Work in Health Care, Volume 35: Numbers 1 and 2. New York:
Haworth Press.
Jackson,
A., & Segal, S. P. (Eds.). (2002). Social work health
and mental health: Practice, research and programs. New York:
The Haworth Social Work Practice Press.
ARTICLES
APPEARING IN EDITED VOLUMES
Segal, S.
P. (1974). Life in board and care: Its political and social context.
Proceedings of a Conference on the Closing of State Hospitals
(pp. 141-151). Menlo Park, California: Plog Research Corporation
and Stanford Research Institute.
Segal, S.
P. (1975). Inclusion
and exclusion: Crosscurrents in community-based sheltered care
for the mentally ill. In R. Hetherington and C. Hamm (Eds.), Proceedings
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